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Geo Factbook

Mongolia vs Nepal: Compare Statistics

Side-by-side comparison of 118 key metrics across economy, population, geography, and more — latest data through 2026.

Mongolia
mng
Leads on 59 of 118 metrics
Nepal
npl
Leads on 39 of 118 metrics

Summary

Comparing Mongolia and Nepal: Nepal leads on Electricity Installed Capacity (943,100) against Mongolia (1.13); Mongolia leads on Total net-migration (104.70 persons) against Nepal (-588,425 persons); Nepal leads on Percentage of land area by degree of urbanization (13.07 %) against Mongolia (0.05 %). Across 118 compared metrics, Mongolia wins on 59 and Nepal wins on 39.

  • Communications: 7 metrics compared
  • Economy: 49 metrics compared
  • Environment: 6 metrics compared
  • Geography: 6 metrics compared
  • Government: 5 metrics compared
  • Health: 12 metrics compared
  • Military and Security: 1 metric compared
  • People and Society: 29 metrics compared
  • Transportation: 3 metrics compared

Communications

7 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Internet Penetration Rate (%)85.12 %★46.32 %
Internet Usage Rate by Country (% of Population)83.02 %★55.77 %
Internet Userspercent of population: 83% (2023 est.)percent of population: 56% (2023 est.)
Press Freedom Index Score52.57 points55.2 points★
Radios155,900840,000★
Televisions168,800★130,000
Waterways400none

Economy

49 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Agriculture Value Added as a Share of GDP by Country2.92B $9.52B $★
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Country in Current US Dollars28.37B $48.33B $★
AI Investment (% of GDP)35.55 %★30.4 %
Central Bank Discount Rate (%)11 %★7 %
Coal Revenue8.62★0
Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate (%)20.01 %★11.3 %
Current Health Expenditure (% of GDP)3.8 % of GDP5.8 % of GDP★
Ease of Doing Business Index86.7★81.7
Electricity Consumption5.93★4.98
Electricity Exports51★2.69
Electricity from Fossil Fuels87★5
Electricity from Hydroelectric Plants292★
Electricity from Nuclear Fuels00
Electricity from Other Renewables11★3
Electricity Imports1.452.18★
Electricity Installed Capacity1.13943,100★
Electricity Production5.34★4.24
Energy Consumption per Capita (USD)67.13 USD per capita★6.6 USD per capita
Gini Index Coefficient31.4★30
Gross Fixed Investment36.1★3.5
Gross National Saving26.945.4★
Industrial Production Growth Rate (%)6.5 %★0.1 %
Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)6.8 %★7.1 %
Military Expenditures (% of GDP)0.7 % of GDP1 % of GDP★
Natural Gas Consumption00
Natural Gas Exports00
Natural Gas Imports00
Natural Gas Production00
Natural Gas Proved Reserves00
Oil Consumption17,00020,000★
Oil Exports5,834★0
Oil Imports15,730★13,740
Oil Production00
Oil Proved Reserves00
Population Below Poverty Line27.1 people20.3 people★
Public Debt67.639.9★
Real GDP Growth Rate (USD)4.9 USD★3.7 USD
Refined Petroleum Products Consumption27,00027,000
Refined Petroleum Products Exports00
Refined Petroleum Products Imports24,19026,120★
Refined Petroleum Products Production00
Remittances2.233.1★
Revenue from Forest Resources0.140.45★
Robotics Research Funding0.24 USD0.3 USD★
Share of population in poverty ($3 a day)0.44★2.44
Taxes and Other Revenues16.917.5★
Top Exporting Countries16.35B USD★3.27B USD
Unemployment Rate5.5 %★10.8 %
Youth Labor Force Participation Rate59.69 %39.24 %★

Environment

6 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Annual CO₂ Emissions Growth (abs)510,224428,262★
Carbon Dioxide Emissions19.211.36★
Population Distributionpopulation sparsely distributed throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densitiesmost of the population is divided nearly equally between a concentration in the southern-most plains of the Tarai region and the central hilly region; overall density is low
Protected Land Area for Adaptation19.8 sq km23.6 sq km★
Total Renewable Groundwater Resources by Country6.1 Cubic meters per year20 Cubic meters per year★
Total Renewable Water Resources34.8210.2★

Geography

6 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Percentage of land area by degree of urbanization0.05 %13.07 %★
Above-Ground Biomass in Forest (tonnes/ha)54.9176.82★
Agricultural land1.11M sq. km★36,185.52 sq. km
Coastline Length (km)0 km0 km
Dam capacity per capita68.59 cubic meters per inhabitant★2.68 cubic meters per inhabitant
Irrigated Land79612,090★

Government

5 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Rule of Law Index by Country44.15 %★40.77 %
Administrative Divisions21★7
Independence29176★
Political Stability Index67 index★39 index
Suffrage Participation Rate1818

Health

12 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Access to Safe Drinking Water43.36 %★16.49 %
Diabetes Prevalence (% of Population)10.3★7.7
Health Care Spending per Capita1,889.07 USD★464.47 USD
Health Expenditure (% of GDP)6.9 % of GDP★5.4 % of GDP
HIV/AIDS Adult Prevalence Rate(2021 est.) <0.1%0.1 %
Hospital Bed Density10.6 people/sq km★0.4 people/sq km
Maternal Mortality Ratio (%)41 %★142 %
Mean Age at First Birth20.5★20.4
Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate (%)20.6 %4.1 %★
People Living With HIV/AIDS<1,000 (2020 est.)30,000
Psychiatrist Density Per 100,000 People3 per 100,000 people★1 per 100,000 people
Underweight Children Under 51.9★18.3

Military and Security

1 metric
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Total Armed Forces Personnel (PPP)18,000112,000★

People and Society

29 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Currently married (Percent)55 %75.46 %★
Human Capital Index0.61★0.52
Life expectancy at birth78.24 years★73.26 years
Median age of population27.04 years★25.67 years
Population Change39,744.2 persons★-239,662.7 persons
Population density2.29 per sq. km★201.77 per sq. km
Total population3.56M persons29.59M persons★
Academic Freedom Index0.670.83★
Birth Rate (%)18.01 %★16.66 %
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate48.1 %★46.7 %
Death Rate (%)5.35 %★5.62 %
Education Expenditure (% of GDP)3.7 % of GDP3.7 % of GDP
Female population of reproductive age861,516.1 persons8.63M persons★
Labor Force Participation Rate1.458.44★
Learning-adjusted years of school8.59 years★7.88 years
Length of paid parental leave for mother657 days★0 days
Major Urban Areas Population1.67 people★1.57 people
Mean Male Height (cm)169.07★162.32
Military Manpower at Military Age18★17
Military Service Age and Obligation1818
Percentage of population by degree of urbanization71.21 %73.42 %★
Physician Density4.13 people/sq km★1.01 people/sq km
Population Growth Rate1.08 %★0.66 %
Population living in slums9.77 %35.73 %★
Total deaths19,266.1 persons★198,194.4 persons
Total demand for family planning (Percent)53 %58.71 %★
Total fertility rate2.51 per woman★1.92 per woman
Total net-migration104.7 persons★-588,424.9 persons
Under-five mortality rate9.69 per live births★22.16 per live births

Transportation

3 metrics
Metric🇲🇳 Mongolia🇳🇵 NepalShare
Air Travel Trips Per Capita (PPP)0.24★0.16
Airports3751★
Civil Air Travel25★5

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