Female population of reproductive age 2023

The female population of reproductive age is a crucial demographic statistic that influences healthcare, economic growth, and social policies in countries. Understanding this population helps address reproductive health needs and support family planning initiatives.

236 data pointsWorld

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Complete Data Rankings

Rank
1
India flag
India
378,814,835 persons
2
China flag
China
319,435,236.5 persons
3
United States flag
United States
77,208,351 persons
4
Indonesia flag
Indonesia
72,652,034 persons
5
Pakistan flag
Pakistan
60,550,756.5 persons
6
Brazil flag
Brazil
55,696,675.5 persons
7
Nigeria flag
Nigeria
54,276,250 persons
8
Bangladesh flag
Bangladesh
48,809,626.5 persons
9
Mexico flag
Mexico
35,322,401 persons
10
Russia flag
Russia
34,026,817.5 persons
11
Ethiopia flag
Ethiopia
32,128,041 persons
12
Philippines flag
Philippines
30,933,076.5 persons
13
Egypt flag
Egypt
28,861,891.5 persons
14
Vietnam flag
Vietnam
25,837,420.5 persons
15
Iran flag
Iran
24,384,224.5 persons
16
Congo, Democratic Republic of the flag
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
23,560,764 persons
17
Japan flag
Japan
23,481,100 persons
18
Turkey flag
Turkey
22,568,052.5 persons
19
South Africa flag
South Africa
17,558,799 persons
20
Thailand flag
Thailand
17,453,363 persons
21
Germany flag
Germany
16,703,556 persons
22
Tanzania flag
Tanzania
16,123,372.5 persons
23
United Kingdom flag
United Kingdom
15,024,803 persons
24
Kenya flag
Kenya
14,493,524 persons
25
Myanmar flag
Myanmar
14,378,103 persons
26
Colombia flag
Colombia
14,156,820 persons
27
France flag
France
13,990,760.5 persons
28
Sudan flag
Sudan
12,418,594.5 persons
29
Uganda flag
Uganda
11,900,129 persons
30
Italy flag
Italy
11,763,951.5 persons
31
Argentina flag
Argentina
11,429,691.5 persons
32
South Korea flag
South Korea
11,389,357 persons
33
Iraq flag
Iraq
11,363,584.5 persons
34
Algeria flag
Algeria
11,244,893.5 persons
35
Spain flag
Spain
10,294,710.5 persons
36
Afghanistan flag
Afghanistan
9,898,518 persons
37
Yemen flag
Yemen
9,697,137 persons
38
Morocco flag
Morocco
9,637,513.5 persons
39
Malaysia flag
Malaysia
9,283,274.5 persons
40
Peru flag
Peru
9,032,480.5 persons
41
Poland flag
Poland
8,938,843 persons
42
Uzbekistan flag
Uzbekistan
8,898,095.5 persons
43
Canada flag
Canada
8,869,314.5 persons
44
Ghana flag
Ghana
8,617,189 persons
45
Ukraine flag
Ukraine
8,602,896 persons
46
Nepal flag
Nepal
8,552,008.5 persons
47
Angola flag
Angola
8,482,273 persons
48
Mozambique flag
Mozambique
8,108,243.5 persons
49
Madagascar flag
Madagascar
7,691,370 persons
50
Saudi Arabia flag
Saudi Arabia
7,605,138 persons
51
Côte d'Ivoire flag
Côte d'Ivoire
7,534,743 persons
52
Cameroon flag
Cameroon
6,935,817.5 persons
53
Venezuela flag
Venezuela
6,921,245 persons
54
Syrian Arab Republic flag
Syrian Arab Republic
6,424,817.5 persons
55
North Korea flag
North Korea
6,224,793 persons
56
Australia flag
Australia
6,135,004 persons
57
Sri Lanka flag
Sri Lanka
5,768,280.5 persons
58
Niger flag
Niger
5,689,196.5 persons
59
Burkina Faso flag
Burkina Faso
5,585,651 persons
60
Malawi flag
Malawi
5,473,552.5 persons
61
Taiwan flag
Taiwan
5,360,878 persons
62
Mali flag
Mali
5,347,926 persons
63
Zambia flag
Zambia
5,217,546.5 persons
64
Chile flag
Chile
4,964,144 persons
65
Guatemala flag
Guatemala
4,959,595 persons
66
Ecuador flag
Ecuador
4,818,985.5 persons
67
Kazakhstan flag
Kazakhstan
4,801,514.5 persons
68
Cambodia flag
Cambodia
4,586,031.5 persons
69
Senegal flag
Senegal
4,513,795 persons
70
Chad flag
Chad
4,362,604 persons
71
Zimbabwe flag
Zimbabwe
4,309,145 persons
72
Romania flag
Romania
4,115,738 persons
73
Somalia flag
Somalia
4,110,046 persons
74
Netherlands flag
Netherlands
3,921,204 persons
75
Rwanda flag
Rwanda
3,637,189 persons
76
Guinea flag
Guinea
3,518,627 persons
77
Benin flag
Benin
3,355,285.5 persons
78
Bolivia flag
Bolivia
3,252,521 persons
79
Burundi flag
Burundi
3,219,890 persons
80
Haiti flag
Haiti
3,149,243.5 persons
81
Tunisia flag
Tunisia
3,102,395.5 persons
82
Jordan flag
Jordan
2,934,560.5 persons
83
Dominican Republic flag
Dominican Republic
2,924,694 persons
84
Honduras flag
Honduras
2,910,433.5 persons
85
South Sudan flag
South Sudan
2,851,247.5 persons
86
Azerbaijan flag
Azerbaijan
2,715,136 persons
87
Papua New Guinea flag
Papua New Guinea
2,695,043.5 persons
88
Tajikistan flag
Tajikistan
2,653,384 persons
89
United Arab Emirates flag
United Arab Emirates
2,525,402 persons
90
Belgium flag
Belgium
2,523,879.5 persons
91
Cuba flag
Cuba
2,367,924.5 persons
92
Czech Republic flag
Czech Republic
2,361,722 persons
93
Sweden flag
Sweden
2,248,489 persons
94
Togo flag
Togo
2,247,345 persons
95
Portugal flag
Portugal
2,178,751 persons
96
Hungary flag
Hungary
2,148,193 persons
97
Israel flag
Israel
2,138,148.5 persons
98
Sierra Leone flag
Sierra Leone
2,133,484.5 persons
99
Greece flag
Greece
2,083,216.5 persons
100
Laos flag
Laos
2,069,003 persons
101
Belarus flag
Belarus
2,052,880.5 persons
102
Austria flag
Austria
1,943,223.5 persons
103
Switzerland flag
Switzerland
1,921,942 persons
104
Libya flag
Libya
1,921,189 persons
105
Turkmenistan flag
Turkmenistan
1,888,352 persons
106
Nicaragua flag
Nicaragua
1,885,419.5 persons
107
China, Hong Kong SAR flag
China, Hong Kong SAR
1,845,708.5 persons
108
Paraguay flag
Paraguay
1,791,035.5 persons
109
El Salvador flag
El Salvador
1,768,504.5 persons
110
Kyrgyzstan flag
Kyrgyzstan
1,754,013.5 persons
111
Singapore flag
Singapore
1,567,325 persons
112
Congo flag
Congo
1,477,884 persons
113
Serbia flag
Serbia
1,468,041 persons
114
Lebanon flag
Lebanon
1,423,476.5 persons
115
Bulgaria flag
Bulgaria
1,417,691.5 persons
116
State of Palestine flag
State of Palestine
1,370,570 persons
117
Liberia flag
Liberia
1,347,909 persons
118
Costa Rica flag
Costa Rica
1,324,097 persons
119
Denmark flag
Denmark
1,283,874 persons
120
Slovakia flag
Slovakia
1,258,411.5 persons
121
Ireland flag
Ireland
1,235,926.5 persons
122
Norway flag
Norway
1,233,440 persons
123
Mauritania flag
Mauritania
1,215,269.5 persons
124
Central African Republic flag
Central African Republic
1,195,121.5 persons
125
New Zealand flag
New Zealand
1,182,786 persons
126
Finland flag
Finland
1,160,825 persons
127
Kuwait flag
Kuwait
1,134,553.5 persons
128
Panama flag
Panama
1,125,359 persons
129
Oman flag
Oman
1,076,650.5 persons
130
Georgia flag
Georgia
872,794.5 persons
131
Eritrea flag
Eritrea
854,454.5 persons
132
Mongolia flag
Mongolia
832,346.5 persons
133
Uruguay flag
Uruguay
813,349 persons
134
Jamaica flag
Jamaica
800,539.5 persons
135
Croatia flag
Croatia
796,332.5 persons
136
Namibia flag
Namibia
760,368 persons
137
Armenia flag
Armenia
745,718.5 persons
138
Republic of Moldova flag
Republic of Moldova
715,422 persons
139
Puerto Rico flag
Puerto Rico
712,371.5 persons
140
Botswana flag
Botswana
682,615 persons
141
Bosnia and Herzegovina flag
Bosnia and Herzegovina
669,790.5 persons
142
Albania flag
Albania
664,278 persons
143
Gambia flag
Gambia
655,206.5 persons
144
Lesotho flag
Lesotho
638,077.5 persons
145
Gabon flag
Gabon
609,699 persons
146
Lithuania flag
Lithuania
601,461.5 persons
147
Guinea-Bissau flag
Guinea-Bissau
546,438 persons
148
Qatar flag
Qatar
537,042 persons
149
Kosovo flag
Kosovo
452,369.5 persons
150
Slovenia flag
Slovenia
427,466.5 persons
151
Equatorial Guinea flag
Equatorial Guinea
416,770 persons
152
North Macedonia flag
North Macedonia
412,766 persons
153
Latvia flag
Latvia
390,118 persons
154
Trinidad and Tobago flag
Trinidad and Tobago
383,623.5 persons
155
Timor-Leste flag
Timor-Leste
355,237.5 persons
156
Bahrain flag
Bahrain
348,660 persons
157
Cyprus flag
Cyprus
337,073.5 persons
158
Eswatini flag
Eswatini
332,788 persons
159
Mauritius flag
Mauritius
325,855.5 persons
160
Djibouti flag
Djibouti
316,998 persons
161
Estonia flag
Estonia
289,024 persons
162
Fiji flag
Fiji
243,822 persons
163
Bhutan flag
Bhutan
217,231 persons
164
Guyana flag
Guyana
215,365 persons
165
Comoros flag
Comoros
209,366 persons
166
Réunion flag
Réunion
201,910 persons
167
China, Macao SAR flag
China, Macao SAR
201,867 persons
168
Solomon Islands flag
Solomon Islands
198,136 persons
169
Luxembourg flag
Luxembourg
160,138 persons
170
Suriname flag
Suriname
158,740 persons
171
Montenegro flag
Montenegro
142,758.5 persons
172
Western Sahara flag
Western Sahara
142,610 persons
173
Cabo Verde flag
Cabo Verde
136,192.5 persons
174
Malta flag
Malta
121,356 persons
175
Brunei Darussalam flag
Brunei Darussalam
118,840 persons
176
Belize flag
Belize
115,611 persons
177
Maldives flag
Maldives
114,670 persons
178
Bahamas flag
Bahamas
106,869 persons
179
Iceland flag
Iceland
91,653 persons
180
Mayotte flag
Mayotte
81,228 persons
181
French Guiana flag
French Guiana
78,051 persons
182
Vanuatu flag
Vanuatu
77,732 persons
183
Guadeloupe flag
Guadeloupe
76,355 persons
184
New Caledonia flag
New Caledonia
73,072 persons
185
French Polynesia flag
French Polynesia
71,280.5 persons
186
Martinique flag
Martinique
66,897 persons
187
Barbados flag
Barbados
65,571.5 persons
188
Sao Tome and Principe flag
Sao Tome and Principe
57,745 persons
189
Saint Lucia flag
Saint Lucia
48,719 persons
190
Samoa flag
Samoa
47,901 persons
191
Curaçao flag
Curaçao
43,130 persons
192
Guam flag
Guam
35,795.5 persons
193
Kiribati flag
Kiribati
34,401.5 persons
194
Grenada flag
Grenada
30,144.5 persons
195
Seychelles flag
Seychelles
28,831 persons
196
Micronesia (Fed. States of) flag
Micronesia (Fed. States of)
28,488.5 persons
197
Tonga flag
Tonga
26,676 persons
198
Aruba flag
Aruba
24,186.5 persons
199
Antigua and Barbuda flag
Antigua and Barbuda
24,177.5 persons
200
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines flag
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
23,896.5 persons
201
Jersey flag
Jersey
22,609.5 persons
202
Cayman Islands flag
Cayman Islands
19,621.5 persons
203
Andorra flag
Andorra
18,875.5 persons
204
United States Virgin Islands flag
United States Virgin Islands
17,004 persons
205
Isle of Man flag
Isle of Man
16,778.5 persons
206
Dominica flag
Dominica
16,312.5 persons
207
Bermuda flag
Bermuda
13,402.5 persons
208
Guernsey flag
Guernsey
13,230.5 persons
209
Greenland flag
Greenland
12,762 persons
210
Saint Kitts and Nevis flag
Saint Kitts and Nevis
12,726 persons
211
Turks and Caicos Islands flag
Turks and Caicos Islands
11,984.5 persons
212
British Virgin Islands flag
British Virgin Islands
11,802 persons
213
Faroe Islands flag
Faroe Islands
11,326.5 persons
214
American Samoa flag
American Samoa
11,243 persons
215
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) flag
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
10,427.5 persons
216
Northern Mariana Islands flag
Northern Mariana Islands
9,534 persons
217
Marshall Islands flag
Marshall Islands
9,372.5 persons
218
Gibraltar flag
Gibraltar
8,789.5 persons
219
Liechtenstein flag
Liechtenstein
8,292.5 persons
220
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba flag
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
6,852 persons
221
San Marino flag
San Marino
6,766.5 persons
222
Monaco flag
Monaco
6,101 persons
223
Saint Martin (French part) flag
Saint Martin (French part)
5,971.5 persons
224
Palau flag
Palau
3,799.5 persons
225
Anguilla flag
Anguilla
3,647 persons
226
Cook Islands flag
Cook Islands
3,137 persons
227
Nauru flag
Nauru
2,920.5 persons
228
Wallis and Futuna Islands flag
Wallis and Futuna Islands
2,745.5 persons
229
Saint Barthélemy flag
Saint Barthélemy
2,473.5 persons
230
Tuvalu flag
Tuvalu
2,153 persons
231
Saint Pierre and Miquelon flag
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1,119 persons
232
Montserrat flag
Montserrat
958.5 persons
233
Saint Helena flag
Saint Helena
934 persons
234
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) flag
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
835.5 persons
235
Tokelau flag
Tokelau
597.5 persons
236
Niue flag
Niue
400.5 persons

Top 10 Countries

  1. #1India flagIndia
  2. #2China flagChina
  3. #3United States flagUnited States
  4. #4Indonesia flagIndonesia
  5. #5Pakistan flagPakistan
  6. #6Brazil flagBrazil
  7. #7Nigeria flagNigeria
  8. #8Bangladesh flagBangladesh
  9. #9Mexico flagMexico
  10. #10Russia flagRussia

Analysis: These countries represent the highest values in this dataset, showcasing significant scale and impact on global statistics.

Bottom 10 Countries

  1. #236Niue flagNiue
  2. #235Tokelau flagTokelau
  3. #234Falkland Islands (Malvinas) flagFalkland Islands (Malvinas)
  4. #233Saint Helena flagSaint Helena
  5. #232Montserrat flagMontserrat
  6. #231Saint Pierre and Miquelon flagSaint Pierre and Miquelon
  7. #230Tuvalu flagTuvalu
  8. #229Saint Barthélemy flagSaint Barthélemy
  9. #228Wallis and Futuna Islands flagWallis and Futuna Islands
  10. #227Nauru flagNauru

Context: These countries or territories have the lowest values, often due to geographic size, administrative status, or specific characteristics.

Key Insights

1

Myanmar

In 2023, Myanmar ranks 25th out of 236 countries regarding the female population of reproductive age, which stands at 14,378,103 individuals. This significant demographic component plays a crucial role in the country's population dynamics and social structure.

The high number of women in reproductive age can be attributed to several factors, including a relatively high fertility rate and demographic trends that have characterized Myanmar over the past few decades. With a population that is predominantly young, the reproductive age group constitutes a vital segment for potential economic contribution and family planning initiatives.

Additionally, the female population of reproductive age in Myanmar faces challenges such as limited access to healthcare, education, and socio-economic opportunities, which can impact maternal health and overall community well-being. Understanding this demographic is essential for formulating policies that support women's health and empowerment in the region.

2

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom ranks 23rd out of 236 countries in terms of its female population of reproductive age, which is estimated at 15,024,803 individuals in the year 2023. This demographic represents a significant portion of the population, highlighting the importance of addressing health, social, and economic issues pertinent to women in this age group.

Factors contributing to the size of the female population of reproductive age in the UK include historical trends in birth rates, advancements in healthcare, and social policies that support family planning and women's rights. Additionally, the UK's relatively high standards of living and access to education have led to lower fertility rates but a stable population of women capable of childbearing.

Related statistics include the UK's overall population, which was recorded at approximately 67 million in 2023, indicating that females of reproductive age constitute around 22% of the total population. This demographic is crucial for shaping policies related to maternal health, childcare, and women's employment opportunities, reflecting the ongoing need for tailored services in these areas.

3

Taiwan

Taiwan ranks 61st out of 236 countries regarding its female population of reproductive age in 2023, with a total of 5,360,878 persons falling within this demographic. This substantial number reflects the country's relatively high life expectancy and advancements in healthcare, contributing to a significant population of women capable of childbearing.

The female population of reproductive age is influenced by various factors, including social norms, economic conditions, and government policies that affect family planning and women's health services. In Taiwan, a combination of urbanization, changing family structures, and increased participation of women in the workforce has resulted in lower birth rates, which has prompted discussions about population sustainability and support for families.

Moreover, Taiwan's fertility rate has been declining, reaching 1.07 children per woman in recent years, which is below the replacement level. This trend is indicative of broader demographic changes across East Asia, where similar patterns are observed, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies to address potential labor shortages and support aging populations.

4

Bolivia

In 2023, Bolivia ranks 78th out of 236 countries regarding the female population of reproductive age, with a total of 3,252,521 women falling within this demographic. This statistic is significant as it represents a critical segment of the population that has implications for health, education, and socio-economic development.

The relatively high number of women of reproductive age in Bolivia can be influenced by several factors, including the country's fertility rates, cultural norms surrounding family size, and access to reproductive health services. Bolivia has a youthful population, which contributes to a substantial proportion of women being in this age bracket.

Additionally, Bolivia has made strides in improving maternal health and reproductive rights, yet challenges remain, such as addressing maternal mortality rates and ensuring equitable access to health services across rural and urban areas. Interestingly, the demographic trend also reflects the broader Latin American context, where many countries are experiencing shifts in population age structures due to declining fertility rates and increasing life expectancy.

5

Greenland

In 2023, Greenland ranks 209th out of 236 countries regarding the female population of reproductive age, which is reported to be 12,762 persons. This demographic statistic is significant as it represents a crucial segment of the population that is capable of contributing to the birth rate and, consequently, the overall population growth of the territory.

The relatively low number of women of reproductive age in Greenland can be attributed to several factors, including a small overall population and demographic trends such as migration, which often sees younger people leave for better opportunities elsewhere. Additionally, Greenland's unique socio-economic environment, characterized by limited job opportunities and harsh living conditions, may influence family planning decisions.

Interestingly, Greenland's fertility rate has shown fluctuations and is influenced by cultural practices and access to healthcare services. The challenges faced by women in remote areas, including healthcare accessibility and education, further impact reproductive health and choices. Overall, understanding the dynamics of the female reproductive age population is essential for addressing public health and social policies in Greenland.

6

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In 2023, Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks 141st out of 236 countries regarding the female population of reproductive age, which is estimated at 669,790.5 persons. This demographic represents a significant portion of the country's population and plays a crucial role in shaping its future societal and economic landscape.

The size of the female population of reproductive age in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be influenced by various factors, including historical trends in birth rates, migration patterns, and social policies. The country has experienced demographic challenges, including low fertility rates and emigration, which can affect the overall population structure and age distribution.

Furthermore, it is essential to consider the implications of this statistic on health and social services, as a substantial population of women in reproductive age requires access to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities. The focus on women's rights and reproductive health has gained importance in recent years, reflecting broader global trends toward gender equality and empowerment.

7

Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands ranks 202 out of 236 countries in terms of the female population of reproductive age, with an estimated 19,621.5 individuals in this demographic for the year 2023. This statistic reflects the proportion of females who are typically considered capable of childbearing, which is a significant factor in understanding population dynamics and reproductive health within the territory.

The relatively small size of the Cayman Islands, both in land area and population, contributes to its lower ranking compared to larger nations. Factors influencing the reproductive age population may include immigration patterns, economic opportunities, and social policies that affect family planning and healthcare access. The islands' appeal as a financial hub may also attract a transient workforce, impacting demographic statistics.

In addition, the Cayman Islands has made strides in healthcare and education, which can influence reproductive choices and outcomes. Understanding the female population of reproductive age is crucial for policymakers as they plan for healthcare services, maternal health programs, and educational initiatives aimed at this demographic.

8

Dominica

In 2023, Dominica ranks 206th out of 236 countries in terms of its female population of reproductive age, which is estimated at 16,312.5 persons. This demographic is crucial for understanding the country's population dynamics and potential future growth, as it encompasses women typically aged between 15 and 49 years, who are generally considered to be of childbearing age.

Several factors contribute to this statistic, including the country's overall population size, which is relatively small, and demographic trends such as birth rates and migration patterns. The fertility rate in Dominica has experienced fluctuations in recent years, influenced by economic conditions, access to healthcare, and education levels among women.

Additionally, it is noteworthy that Dominica's population has been affected by natural disasters, particularly hurricanes, which can impact both the birth rate and the overall demographic structure. Understanding the female population of reproductive age is essential for planning and policy-making in areas such as healthcare, education, and social services.

9

Comoros

In 2023, Comoros ranks 165th out of 236 countries in terms of its female population of reproductive age, which stands at 209,366 persons. This demographic figure is significant as it plays a crucial role in the country's population dynamics, health policies, and economic planning.

The relatively high number of women in this age group contributes to the overall fertility rate in Comoros, which is influenced by cultural norms, access to healthcare, and educational opportunities. Factors such as limited access to reproductive health services and varying levels of education may affect family planning decisions and maternal health outcomes.

Additionally, it is noteworthy that Comoros faces challenges such as economic constraints and a high prevalence of poverty, which can impact women's health and access to resources. Understanding the female population of reproductive age helps in shaping policies aimed at improving maternal health and enhancing the socio-economic status of women in the region.

10

Benin

In 2023, Benin ranks 77th out of 236 countries regarding its female population of reproductive age, which is approximately 3,355,286 women. This demographic represents a significant portion of the population, influencing various socio-economic factors including healthcare, education, and labor force participation.

The relatively high number of women in reproductive age is indicative of Benin's youthful population structure, which is characterized by a high fertility rate and a growing population. Factors contributing to this statistic include cultural norms favoring larger families, access to reproductive health services, and educational initiatives aimed at women.

Additionally, it is noteworthy that the female population of reproductive age can have profound implications for national policies on maternal health, family planning, and women's empowerment programs, impacting the overall development trajectory of the country.

Data Methodology & Sources

Verified Data

All data points are cross-referenced with official sources

Regular Updates

Continuously updated with latest available information

World

Comprehensive data from 236+ countries/territories

Primary Data Sources

Understanding the Data

This comprehensive dataset provides valuable insights into global patterns and trends. The information presented here is essential for researchers, policymakers, educators, and anyone interested in understanding global demographics and statistics.

Each data point in this collection represents official estimates or projections from authoritative sources. The data undergoes regular verification and updates to ensure accuracy and reliability. We maintain transparency in our methodology and clearly document all sources and assumptions.

When interpreting this data, it's important to consider the context of each country or territory, including their geographic size, economic development, historical factors, and regional characteristics. Statistical variations often reflect complex socioeconomic, environmental, and political factors.

Note: While we strive for accuracy, population and demographic data are subject to estimation methodologies and may vary slightly between different sources. We recommend consulting multiple sources for critical applications.

Historical Data by Year

Explore Female population of reproductive age data across different years. Compare trends and see how statistics have changed over time.

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