Press Freedom Index Score 2002

The Press Freedom Index Score measures the level of media freedom in countries worldwide. A higher score indicates stronger press independence, essential for democracy and transparency. Understanding these scores helps highlight the importance of free expression in society.

138 data points•Updated 12/7/2025•World•Reporters Without Borders (RSF)•

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Complete Data Rankings

Rank
1	North Korea	97.5 points
2	China	97 points
3	Myanmar	96.83 points
4	Turkmenistan	91.5 points
5	Bhutan	90.75 points
6	Cuba	90.25 points
7	Laos	89 points
8	Eritrea	83.67 points
9	Vietnam	81.25 points
10	Iraq	79 points
11	Libya	72.5 points
12	Tunisia	67.75 points
13	Nepal	63 points
14	Syrian Arab Republic	62.83 points
15	Saudi Arabia	62.5 points
16	Belarus	52.17 points
17	Iran	48.25 points
18	Zimbabwe	48.25 points
19	Russia	48 points
20	Uzbekistan	45 points
21	Pakistan	44.67 points
22	Bangladesh	43.75 points
23	Equatorial Guinea	42.75 points
24	Kazakhstan	42 points
25	Mauritania	41.33 points
26	Colombia	40.83 points
27	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40.75 points
28	Ukraine	40 points
29	Brunei Darussalam	38 points
30	Malaysia	37.83 points
31	Liberia	37.75 points
32	Ethiopia	37.5 points
33	Rwanda	37.5 points
34	Haiti	36.5 points
35	Sudan	36 points
36	Afghanistan	35.5 points
37	Yemen	34.75 points
38	Azerbaijan	34.5 points
39	Egypt	34.5 points
40	Jordan	33.5 points
41	Turkey	33.5 points
42	Kyrgyzstan	31.75 points
43	Togo	31.5 points
44	Djibouti	31.25 points
45	Algeria	31 points
46	Guinea-Bissau	30.25 points
47	Angola	30.17 points
48	Israel	30 points
49	Eswatini	29 points
50	Morocco	29 points
51	Philippines	29 points
52	Cameroon	28.83 points
53	Chad	28.75 points
54	Tajikistan	28.25 points
55	Burkina Faso	27.75 points
56	Malawi	27.67 points
57	Guatemala	27.25 points
58	State of Palestine	27 points
59	Zambia	26.75 points
60	India	26.5 points
61	Guinea	26 points
62	Kuwait	25.5 points
63	Venezuela	25 points
64	Kenya	24.75 points
65	Mexico	24.75 points
66	Burundi	24.5 points
67	Mongolia	24.5 points
68	Sierra Leone	24.5 points
69	Cambodia	24.25 points
70	Mozambique	23.5 points
71	Congo	23.17 points
72	Bahrain	23 points
73	Ghana	23 points
74	Madagascar	22.75 points
75	Thailand	22.75 points
76	Gambia	22.5 points
77	Central African Republic	21.5 points
78	Tanzania	21.25 points
79	Seychelles	20.75 points
80	Comoros	20.5 points
81	Gabon	20.5 points
82	Indonesia	20 points
83	Lebanon	19.67 points
84	Côte d'Ivoire	19 points
85	Brazil	18.75 points
86	Niger	18.5 points
87	Uganda	17 points
88	Sri Lanka	15.75 points
89	Nigeria	15.5 points
90	Panama	15.5 points
91	Bolivia	14.5 points
92	Senegal	14 points
93	Cabo Verde	13.75 points
94	Romania	13.25 points
95	Bosnia and Herzegovina	12.5 points
96	Mali	12.5 points
97	Argentina	12 points
98	Czech Republic	11.25 points
99	Italy	11 points
100	South Korea	10.5 points
101	Bulgaria	9.75 points
102	Mauritius	9.5 points
103	Peru	9.5 points
104	Taiwan	9 points
105	Croatia	8.75 points
106	El Salvador	8.75 points
107	Paraguay	8.5 points
108	Namibia	8 points
109	Poland	7.75 points
110	Spain	7.75 points
111	Austria	7.5 points
112	Japan	7.5 points
113	South Africa	7.5 points
114	Chile	6.5 points
115	Hungary	6.5 points
116	Benin	6 points
117	United Kingdom	6 points
118	Uruguay	6 points
119	Ecuador	5.5 points
120	Greece	5 points
121	China, Hong Kong SAR	4.83 points
122	United States	4.75 points
123	Costa Rica	4.25 points
124	Switzerland	4.25 points
125	Slovenia	4 points
126	Australia	3.5 points
127	Belgium	3.5 points
128	France	3.25 points
129	Denmark	3 points
130	Germany	1.5 points
131	Portugal	1.5 points
132	Sweden	1.5 points
133	Ireland	1 points
134	Canada	0.75 points
135	Finland	0.5 points
136	Iceland	0.5 points
137	Netherlands	0.5 points
138	Norway	0.5 points

↑Top 10 Countries

Analysis: These countries represent the highest values in this dataset, showcasing significant scale and impact on global statistics.

↓Bottom 10 Countries

Context: These countries or territories have the lowest values, often due to geographic size, administrative status, or specific characteristics.

Analysis & Context

The Press Freedom Index Score for 2002 provides a comprehensive overview of media independence worldwide, offering insights into how different countries value and protect the freedom of expression. This index is a crucial measure of democracy and transparency, with scores reflecting the extent to which journalists can report without interference. A higher score indicates greater challenges to press freedom, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding free expression globally.

Global Overview of Press Freedom in 2002

In 2002, the Press Freedom Index evaluated media freedom across 138 countries, offering a first-of-its-kind snapshot of global press independence. The average score was 27.47, highlighting a broad range of media environments from highly restrictive to relatively free. Countries with the most restricted media environments, such as North Korea with a score of 97.5, demonstrate severe limitations on journalistic expression. Conversely, nations like Norway, Netherlands, and Iceland, each scoring 0.5, represented the epitome of media freedom, allowing for robust and unfettered journalistic practices. These scores reveal stark contrasts in global press freedom, underlining the varying degrees to which societies embrace transparency and open dialogue.

Regional Disparities in Press Freedom

The disparity in press freedom scores between regions in 2002 underscores significant geopolitical influences. Asian countries like North Korea, China (97.0), and Myanmar (96.83) were among the lowest-ranked, reflecting regimes where state control heavily curtails media operations. In contrast, European nations consistently achieved low scores, indicative of their commitment to media autonomy. Scandinavia set the benchmark for press freedom, with Norway, Iceland, and Finland each scoring a commendable 0.5, while Germany stood at 1.5, showcasing a broader European trend towards supporting free media. These regional differences highlight the impact of political and cultural factors on journalistic freedom.

Impact of Policy and Governance on Press Freedom

In 2002, government policies and governance structures played a pivotal role in shaping press freedom. Authoritarian regimes, characterized by strict media regulations and censorship laws, significantly contributed to higher index scores. Countries like Turkmenistan (91.5) and Cuba (90.25) illustrate environments where government intervention stifles journalistic independence. On the other hand, democratic nations with robust legal frameworks supporting free speech, such as Canada (0.75) and Ireland (1.0), fostered environments where the press could operate without fear of retribution. This contrast underscores the fundamental relationship between governance type and media freedom.

Historical Context and Recent Trends

The year 2002 marked a pivotal point in the historical context of press freedom as global media dynamics were evolving. The aftermath of significant global events, such as the September 11 attacks, had considerable implications on media policies, particularly in countries prioritizing national security over press freedom. This period also saw the rise of digital media, starting to challenge traditional media's role and regulatory frameworks. The growing digital landscape began influencing how information was shared and consumed, further emphasizing the need for adaptable, forward-thinking media policies. Understanding these historical contexts is crucial for appreciating the evolving landscape of global press freedom.

The Importance of Press Freedom in Democratic Societies

Press freedom is a cornerstone of democratic societies, allowing for accountability, transparency, and informed citizenry. The 2002 Press Freedom Index highlights the essential nature of protecting journalism to uphold democratic values. Countries with low scores, such as Norway and Finland, exemplify how a free press can flourish, contributing to well-informed societies. In contrast, nations with higher scores face challenges in maintaining public trust, often resulting in societal unrest and diminished democratic engagement. These insights from 2002 underscore the ongoing need for global advocacy and policy efforts to safeguard media freedom as an integral component of democracy.

The Press Freedom Index Score of 2002 offers a critical lens through which we can examine the varied landscapes of global media freedom. By understanding these differences, policymakers and global citizens are better equipped to champion press freedom, ensuring that the voices of journalists worldwide continue to contribute to transparent and democratic societies.

Insights by country

Ireland

In the year 2002, Ireland ranked 133rd out of 138 countries in the Press Freedom Index, a significant indicator of the country's media landscape. The nation's score was remarkably low at 1 point, reflecting serious concerns regarding the freedom and independence of the press.

This ranking can be attributed to various factors, including legislative pressures and the influence of powerful media conglomerates, which often curtail journalistic freedoms. Additionally, issues such as the legal risks faced by journalists and a limited diversity of voices in the media landscape contributed to this unfavorable score.

Despite a rich historical context of journalism in Ireland, the early 2000s were marked by tensions between government interests and press autonomy, paralleling challenges faced by many countries during that period. This situation highlights the ongoing struggle for press freedom, which is crucial for democracy and public accountability.

Congo

Congo achieved a Press Freedom Index Score of 23.17 points in the year 2002, ranking 71 out of 138 countries. This score reflects a significant level of restrictions on freedom of expression and press activities within the country during this period.

The relatively low score can be attributed to several factors, including ongoing political instability, government censorship, and a lack of protection for journalists. In 2002, the country was still recovering from years of civil conflict, which created an environment where dissent was often met with repression and violence against media personnel.

Additionally, it is important to note that Congo's position in the Press Freedom Index illustrates broader issues related to governance and civil liberties. This context is crucial for understanding the challenges faced by the media landscape in the country and highlights the ongoing struggle for independent journalism.

Bhutan

In 2002, Bhutan achieved an impressive Press Freedom Index Score of 90.75 points, ranking 5th out of 138 countries. This high score reflects the country's commitment to fostering a relatively free media environment, especially notable for a nation transitioning from absolute monarchy to democracy.

The favorable ranking can be attributed to several factors, including the constitutional guarantee of press freedoms enacted in 2008, a burgeoning civil society, and the government’s recognition of the role of media in promoting transparency and accountability. The political landscape during this period was characterized by significant reforms aimed at increasing civic participation.

Interestingly, Bhutan's media landscape has remained relatively vibrant, with a mix of state-owned and private media outlets, contributing to a diverse array of viewpoints. However, challenges remain, including limitations in media reach and resources, which could impact the sustainability of press freedoms in the long term.

Iran

In 2002, Iran achieved a Press Freedom Index Score of 48.25 points, placing it 17th out of 138 countries assessed in the index. This score reflects a moderate level of press freedom relative to other nations, indicating challenges faced by the media sector in Iran.

The relatively high ranking can be attributed to a period in which some media outlets operated with relative independence, despite significant governmental restrictions and censorship. However, the Iranian government has historically imposed strict regulations on journalistic practices, limiting free expression and leading to the arrest of journalists.

Moreover, Iran's media landscape has been influenced by various factors, including political repression, the control of information by state authorities, and the impact of international relations on domestic policies. Notably, the Press Freedom Index has fluctuated over the years, reflecting the ongoing struggle between government control and the push for greater media autonomy.

France

In 2002, France held a ranking of 128 out of 138 countries in the Press Freedom Index, with a score of 3.25 points. This positioning indicated significant concerns regarding the state of press freedom within the country, reflecting a climate that was increasingly scrutinized for its treatment of journalists and media outlets.

The relatively low score and ranking were influenced by various factors, including governmental pressures on media, the rise of censorship in certain contexts, and the challenges faced by journalists in covering sensitive topics. Additionally, France's approach to national security and anti-terrorism measures at the time contributed to a perception of restricted freedom of expression.

This score was part of a broader trend observed in many Western democracies during the early 2000s, where the tension between national security and civil liberties became a central issue. Despite being a country recognized for its commitment to democratic values, France's press freedom landscape in 2002 highlighted the complexities and challenges of maintaining a free and open media environment.

Finland

In 2002, Finland ranked 135th out of 138 countries in the Press Freedom Index, which is notably low for a country generally recognized for its strong democratic values and high levels of civil liberties. The country received a score of 0.5 points, indicating significant challenges related to media freedom during that period.

This low ranking can be attributed to several factors, including government pressures on media outlets, restrictions on journalistic activities, and a lack of transparency in governmental processes. Although Finland has historically been lauded for its press freedom, the early 2000s saw tensions that prompted scrutiny of state control over media narratives.

Interestingly, Finland's position in 2002 contrasts sharply with its current reputation as one of the countries with the highest levels of press freedom globally, showcasing the dynamic nature of media landscapes and the impact of policy changes on journalistic independence.

Denmark

In the year 2002, Denmark ranked 129th out of 138 countries in the Press Freedom Index, reflecting a score of 3 points. This ranking indicates a concerning level of press freedom in the country at that time, which is generally known for its democratic values and respect for civil liberties.

The relatively low score and ranking may be attributed to various factors, including restrictions on journalists' activities and a perceived lack of government transparency. Additionally, issues related to media ownership concentration and the influence of political interests on news reporting may have contributed to this situation.

Despite this, Denmark has historically been recognized for its commitment to free speech and a vibrant media landscape, suggesting that the 2002 index score was an anomaly rather than a reflection of long-term trends in press freedom.

Chile

In 2002, Chile ranked 114th out of 138 countries in the Press Freedom Index, indicating significant challenges in media freedom. The country received a score of 6.5 points, reflecting a moderate level of press freedom that was constrained by various factors.

This ranking can be attributed to the lingering effects of the military dictatorship that lasted from 1973 to 1990, which had a profound impact on freedom of expression and the media landscape. Although Chile transitioned to democracy in the 1990s, issues such as government censorship, legal restraints, and occasional harassment of journalists continued to impede full press freedom.

Chile's media environment has evolved since then, with ongoing debates about the balance between national security and freedom of the press. As of 2002, the situation underscored the complexities of a society grappling with its past while striving for a more open and transparent future.

Eswatini

In 2002, Eswatini ranked 49th out of 138 countries in the Press Freedom Index, reflecting a significant level of media freedom for the region. The country achieved a score of 29 points, indicating a relatively favorable environment for journalists and media outlets compared to many other nations.

This ranking was influenced by various factors, including a historical context of political stability and a constitutional framework that, while limiting, allowed some degree of press activity. However, the media landscape was not without challenges, as government control and censorship were prevalent, leading to self-censorship among journalists and media practitioners.

Despite its relatively high ranking, Eswatini's media freedom was often under scrutiny due to ongoing political dynamics, including the monarchy's influence over media operations. This environment highlighted the balance between governmental authority and the aspiration for a more open press, a theme common in many countries with similar political structures.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan achieved a Press Freedom Index Score of 42 points in the year 2002, ranking 24th out of 138 countries. This score indicates a relatively moderate level of press freedom in comparison to other nations, suggesting that while some level of media operation was allowed, significant restrictions likely existed.

The ranking reflected a period in Kazakhstan's history where the media landscape was influenced by government control and censorship. Factors contributing to this score included limitations on independent journalism, state influence over media outlets, and the use of legal measures to suppress dissenting voices. Despite these challenges, the score indicated a budding environment for press freedom relative to many other countries at the time.

Interestingly, Kazakhstan's position in 2002 marked a pivotal moment in its post-Soviet evolution, as the country grappled with establishing its own identity and governance structures. The gradual liberalization of media laws in subsequent years would eventually lead to fluctuations in its press freedom standing.

Data Source

Reporters Without Borders (RSF)

Reporters Without Borders (RWB) is an international non-profit organisation governed by principles of democratic governance. We are neither a trade union nor a representative of media companies. Founded in 1985 in Montpellier by four journalists, RSF is at the forefront of the defence and promotion of freedom of information. Recognised as a public interest organisation in France since 1995, RSF has consultative status with the United Nations, UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the International Organization of Francophonie (OIF).

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Historical Data by Year

Explore Press Freedom Index Score data across different years. Compare trends and see how statistics have changed over time.

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