Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 2024

Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP reflects a country's military focus relative to its economy.

152 data points••Global Coverage•Military spending as a share of GDP | Our World in Data•

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Complete Data Rankings

Rank
Actions
1
Ukraine flag
Ukraine
33.956 %
2
Israel flag
Israel
8.468 %
3
Algeria flag
Algeria
7.971 %
4
Russia flag
Russia
6.874 %
5
Myanmar flag
Myanmar
6.605 %
6
South Sudan flag
South Sudan
6.549 %
7
Saudi Arabia flag
Saudi Arabia
6.405 %
8
Oman flag
Oman
5.589 %
9
Armenia flag
Armenia
5.464 %
10
Azerbaijan flag
Azerbaijan
5.082 %
11
Jordan flag
Jordan
4.748 %
12
Kuwait flag
Kuwait
4.44 %
13
Burkina Faso flag
Burkina Faso
4.391 %
14
Mali flag
Mali
4.249 %
15
Poland flag
Poland
3.755 %
16
Brunei Darussalam flag
Brunei Darussalam
3.652 %
17
Burundi flag
Burundi
3.561 %
18
Morocco flag
Morocco
3.435 %
19
United States flag
United States
3.43 %
20
Colombia flag
Colombia
3.313 %
21
Estonia flag
Estonia
3.303 %
22
Latvia flag
Latvia
3.298 %
23
Lithuania flag
Lithuania
3.144 %
24
Chad flag
Chad
2.978 %
25
Bahrain flag
Bahrain
2.945 %
26
Kyrgyzstan flag
Kyrgyzstan
2.925 %
27
Greece flag
Greece
2.885 %
28
Singapore flag
Singapore
2.8 %
29
Namibia flag
Namibia
2.752 %
30
Pakistan flag
Pakistan
2.73 %
31
Botswana flag
Botswana
2.677 %
32
Serbia flag
Serbia
2.668 %
33
Central African Republic flag
Central African Republic
2.601 %
34
Mauritania flag
Mauritania
2.547 %
35
South Korea flag
South Korea
2.538 %
36
Tunisia flag
Tunisia
2.499 %
37
United Kingdom flag
United Kingdom
2.437 %
38
Ecuador flag
Ecuador
2.312 %
39
Iraq flag
Iraq
2.273 %
40
Denmark flag
Denmark
2.269 %
41
Lebanon flag
Lebanon
2.251 %
42
Norway flag
Norway
2.232 %
43
India flag
India
2.223 %
44
Iran flag
Iran
2.219 %
45
Niger flag
Niger
2.196 %
46
Togo flag
Togo
2.178 %
47
Finland flag
Finland
2.177 %
48
Romania flag
Romania
2.174 %
49
Guinea flag
Guinea
2.171 %
50
Timor-Leste flag
Timor-Leste
2.155 %
51
Hungary flag
Hungary
2.125 %
52
Mozambique flag
Mozambique
2.124 %
53
France flag
France
2.012 %
54
Sweden flag
Sweden
1.993 %
55
Belarus flag
Belarus
1.98 %
56
Albania flag
Albania
1.98 %
57
Slovakia flag
Slovakia
1.977 %
58
Uganda flag
Uganda
1.973 %
59
Senegal flag
Senegal
1.965 %
60
Uruguay flag
Uruguay
1.955 %
61
Netherlands flag
Netherlands
1.941 %
62
Bulgaria flag
Bulgaria
1.935 %
63
Taiwan flag
Taiwan
1.911 %
64
Australia flag
Australia
1.902 %
65
Czech Republic flag
Czech Republic
1.876 %
66
Croatia flag
Croatia
1.863 %
67
Turkey flag
Turkey
1.84 %
68
Germany flag
Germany
1.839 %
69
Montenegro flag
Montenegro
1.814 %
70
Vietnam flag
Vietnam
1.803 %
71
North Macedonia flag
North Macedonia
1.767 %
72
Chile flag
Chile
1.667 %
73
China flag
China
1.664 %
74
Somalia flag
Somalia
1.66 %
75
Lesotho flag
Lesotho
1.615 %
76
Georgia flag
Georgia
1.593 %
77
Italy flag
Italy
1.59 %
78
Cyprus flag
Cyprus
1.585 %
79
Eswatini flag
Eswatini
1.544 %
80
Gabon flag
Gabon
1.527 %
81
Cambodia flag
Cambodia
1.522 %
82
Honduras flag
Honduras
1.476 %
83
Spain flag
Spain
1.46 %
84
Portugal flag
Portugal
1.444 %
85
El Salvador flag
El Salvador
1.387 %
86
Jamaica flag
Jamaica
1.386 %
87
Canada flag
Canada
1.349 %
88
Slovenia flag
Slovenia
1.344 %
89
Tajikistan flag
Tajikistan
1.334 %
90
Zambia flag
Zambia
1.326 %
91
Fiji flag
Fiji
1.306 %
92
Japan flag
Japan
1.295 %
93
Sri Lanka flag
Sri Lanka
1.276 %
94
Belgium flag
Belgium
1.276 %
95
Seychelles flag
Seychelles
1.275 %
96
Congo flag
Congo
1.233 %
97
Rwanda flag
Rwanda
1.23 %
98
Bolivia flag
Bolivia
1.224 %
99
Congo, Democratic Republic of the flag
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
1.216 %
100
Philippines flag
Philippines
1.19 %
101
Tanzania flag
Tanzania
1.173 %
102
New Zealand flag
New Zealand
1.162 %
103
Mexico flag
Mexico
1.125 %
104
Belize flag
Belize
1.082 %
105
Malawi flag
Malawi
1.057 %
106
Thailand flag
Thailand
1.05 %
107
Guinea-Bissau flag
Guinea-Bissau
1.04 %
108
Kenya flag
Kenya
1.039 %
109
Malaysia flag
Malaysia
1.037 %
110
Angola flag
Angola
1.034 %
111
Nepal flag
Nepal
1.025 %
112
Cameroon flag
Cameroon
1.004 %
113
Austria flag
Austria
0.991 %
114
Trinidad and Tobago flag
Trinidad and Tobago
0.982 %
115
Brazil flag
Brazil
0.959 %
116
Paraguay flag
Paraguay
0.931 %
117
Equatorial Guinea flag
Equatorial Guinea
0.897 %
118
Peru flag
Peru
0.879 %
119
Bangladesh flag
Bangladesh
0.861 %
120
Indonesia flag
Indonesia
0.86 %
121
Guyana flag
Guyana
0.838 %
122
Dominican Republic flag
Dominican Republic
0.814 %
123
Benin flag
Benin
0.779 %
124
Côte d'Ivoire flag
Côte d'Ivoire
0.763 %
125
Bosnia and Herzegovina flag
Bosnia and Herzegovina
0.762 %
126
Mongolia flag
Mongolia
0.758 %
127
South Africa flag
South Africa
0.756 %
128
Madagascar flag
Madagascar
0.709 %
129
Liberia flag
Liberia
0.708 %
130
Switzerland flag
Switzerland
0.698 %
131
Egypt flag
Egypt
0.667 %
132
Luxembourg flag
Luxembourg
0.663 %
133
Sierra Leone flag
Sierra Leone
0.661 %
134
Argentina flag
Argentina
0.655 %
135
Cabo Verde flag
Cabo Verde
0.618 %
136
Republic of Moldova flag
Republic of Moldova
0.6 %
137
Gambia flag
Gambia
0.595 %
138
Nigeria flag
Nigeria
0.555 %
139
Nicaragua flag
Nicaragua
0.552 %
140
Ethiopia flag
Ethiopia
0.492 %
141
Kazakhstan flag
Kazakhstan
0.401 %
142
Guatemala flag
Guatemala
0.401 %
143
Malta flag
Malta
0.374 %
144
Zimbabwe flag
Zimbabwe
0.351 %
145
Ghana flag
Ghana
0.349 %
146
Papua New Guinea flag
Papua New Guinea
0.31 %
147
Ireland flag
Ireland
0.219 %
148
Mauritius flag
Mauritius
0.126 %
149
Haiti flag
Haiti
0.078 %
150
Costa Rica flag
Costa Rica
0 %
151
Iceland flag
Iceland
0 %
152
Panama flag
Panama
0 %

↑Top 10 Countries

  1. #1Ukraine flagUkraine
  2. #2Israel flagIsrael
  3. #3Algeria flagAlgeria
  4. #4Russia flagRussia
  5. #5Myanmar flagMyanmar
  6. #6South Sudan flagSouth Sudan
  7. #7Saudi Arabia flagSaudi Arabia
  8. #8Oman flagOman
  9. #9Armenia flagArmenia
  10. #10Azerbaijan flagAzerbaijan

Analysis: These countries represent the highest values in this dataset, showcasing significant scale and impact on global statistics.

↓Bottom 10 Countries

  1. #152Panama flagPanama
  2. #151Iceland flagIceland
  3. #150Costa Rica flagCosta Rica
  4. #149Haiti flagHaiti
  5. #148Mauritius flagMauritius
  6. #147Ireland flagIreland
  7. #146Papua New Guinea flagPapua New Guinea
  8. #145Ghana flagGhana
  9. #144Zimbabwe flagZimbabwe
  10. #143Malta flagMalta

Context: These countries or territories have the lowest values, often due to geographic size, administrative status, or specific characteristics.

Analysis & Context

In 2024, Ukraine leads the world in Military Expenditure (% of GDP) with a staggering 33.96%, while the global range spans from 0.00% to 33.96%. The global average for military expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 2.15%, providing context into how nations prioritize defense spending relative to their economies.

High Military Expenditure: Strategic and Security Considerations

The countries with the highest military expenditure as a percentage of GDP are often those facing significant security challenges or geopolitical tensions. Ukraine, at the top of the list, is a prime example, with ongoing conflict requiring substantial investment in defense. Similarly, Israel allocates 8.47% of its GDP to military spending, driven by longstanding regional security concerns. Algeria follows with 7.97%, a reflection of its strategic focus on maintaining regional stability and counterterrorism efforts.

In the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and Oman spend 6.41% and 5.59% respectively, influenced by regional rivalries and a need to safeguard critical infrastructure. These countries' high military expenditures are underpinned by both external threats and internal security priorities, demonstrating how geopolitical dynamics shape defense budgets.

Minimal Military Expenditure: Economic and Policy Factors

At the other end of the spectrum, countries like Iceland, Costa Rica, and Panama report 0.00% military expenditure as a percentage of GDP. This reflects their strategic decisions to either rely on alliances for defense or prioritize other areas of public spending. Iceland, for instance, is a NATO member without its own standing army, while Costa Rica abolished its military in 1949, focusing instead on education and healthcare.

Other nations with low military expenditure percentages, such as Mauritius at 0.13% and Ireland at 0.22%, often have limited security concerns and prioritize economic development over defense. These countries illustrate how economic strategies and historical contexts can lead to reduced military budgets.

Year-over-Year Trends: Significant Shifts in Military Spending

The year 2024 has seen notable shifts in military expenditure among several countries. South Sudan experienced the largest increase, with its military spending rising by 4.17% (a 175.3% increase). This substantial rise is likely a response to internal conflicts and efforts to strengthen governmental control. Israel and Myanmar also saw significant increases of 3.19% and 2.87% respectively, driven by heightened security concerns and military modernization initiatives.

Conversely, Ukraine reduced its military expenditure by 2.08%, a 5.8% decrease, potentially indicating strategic realignments or changes in international support. Tajikistan and Togo also reported decreases of 1.06% and 0.87%, respectively, reflecting shifts in national priorities or economic constraints.

Regional and Economic Influences on Military Spending

Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP often correlates with a country's economic structure and regional context. Countries with abundant natural resources, like Saudi Arabia and Russia (spending 6.87%), invest heavily in military capabilities to protect their economic interests and assert influence. In contrast, nations with smaller economies or those focused on peace-building, such as Costa Rica and Panama, allocate minimal resources to defense.

Geopolitical tensions and strategic alliances also play crucial roles. For instance, Armenia and Azerbaijan spend 5.46% and 5.08% respectively, reflecting ongoing regional disputes and the need for military readiness. These patterns underscore how military expenditure is not merely a financial decision but a strategic choice influenced by a complex interplay of economic, political, and security factors.

Frequently Asked Questions About Military Expenditure (% of GDP) in 2024

Which country has the highest military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

Ukraine has the highest military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024, with 33.96%.

What is the lowest military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

The lowest military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024 is 0%, shared by Iceland, Costa Rica, and Panama.

What is the average military expenditure as a percentage of GDP across all countries in 2024?

The average military expenditure as a percentage of GDP across all countries in 2024 is 2.15%.

What is the median military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

The median military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024 is 1.59%.

Which countries are in the top 3 for military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

The top 3 countries for military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024 are Ukraine (33.96%), Israel (8.47%), and Algeria (7.97%).

How many countries are included in the dataset for military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

There are 152 countries included in the dataset for military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024.

Insights by country

1

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic ranks #65 globally in Military Expenditure (% of GDP) for 2024, with a value of 1.8763857 %. This figure is below the NATO guideline of 2% and reflects a cautious approach to defense spending compared to its regional neighbors, many of which allocate higher percentages to military budgets. The country's focus on modernization of its armed forces and participation in multinational defense initiatives drives its military expenditure, influenced by both historical commitments and current geopolitical considerations.

2

Jamaica

In 2024, Jamaica ranks #86 globally with a military expenditure of 1.3856797 % of its GDP. This figure is below the global average and reflects a focus on social development over military spending, particularly when compared to regional neighbors like the Dominican Republic, which has higher military expenditure. Jamaica's strategic priorities are influenced by its geographical position in the Caribbean, where it faces challenges such as drug trafficking and organized crime, necessitating a balanced approach to national security and economic development.

3

Indonesia

In 2024, Indonesia's military expenditure is ranked #120 globally, accounting for 0.8603018 % of its GDP. This figure is notably lower than the global average, reflecting the country's focus on economic development over military spending. Key drivers for this relatively modest expenditure include Indonesia's vast archipelagic geography, which necessitates a focus on maritime security, and its ongoing efforts to bolster economic growth and infrastructure rather than prioritize military expansion.

4

Benin

In 2024, Benin's military expenditure is 0.77884793 % of its GDP, ranking #123 out of 152 countries. This figure is relatively low compared to regional neighbors, reflecting a focus on social and economic development over military spending.

The country's strategic priorities are influenced by its geographic location in West Africa, where security challenges exist, yet economic constraints limit defense budgets. Additionally, Benin's commitment to democratic governance and stability has led to a preference for diplomatic solutions over military engagement.

5

Costa Rica

Costa Rica ranks #150 globally in military expenditure, with a value of 0 % of its GDP in 2024. This is significantly lower than the global average, reflecting the country’s commitment to a long-standing policy of demilitarization. Costa Rica abolished its military in 1949, redirecting resources towards education and health, which has fostered a stable and peaceful society, contributing to its reputation as a leader in sustainable development in the region.

6

Bahrain

Bahrain ranks #25 globally in 2024 for Military Expenditure, allocating 2.9449298 % of its GDP to defense. This figure is notably higher than the global average, reflecting the country's strategic position in the Gulf region, which is characterized by geopolitical tensions. The significant military spending is driven by Bahrain's need to bolster its defense capabilities amid regional security challenges and its reliance on a strong military partnership with allies, particularly the United States.

7

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan ranks #10 globally in 2024 for Military Expenditure (% of GDP) at 5.082478%. This figure is notably higher than the global average, indicating a significant prioritization of military funding. Key drivers for this expenditure include ongoing regional tensions, particularly with Armenia, and a strategic focus on enhancing national defense capabilities amid geopolitical challenges. Additionally, Azerbaijan's oil revenues provide the financial resources necessary to support such military investments.

8

Colombia

In 2024, Colombia's military expenditure is ranked #20 globally, at 3.3131409 % of its GDP. This figure is notably higher than the regional average for Latin America, reflecting the country's ongoing security challenges. Key drivers of this expenditure include Colombia's long-standing issues with internal conflict and drug trafficking, which necessitate substantial investment in military and defense capabilities.

9

Estonia

In 2024, Estonia ranks #21 globally in military expenditure, allocating 3.3025708 % of its GDP to defense. This figure is notably higher than the NATO guideline of 2%, reflecting the country's commitment to national security amid regional tensions. Estonia's strategic location near Russia and its emphasis on cybersecurity and defense initiatives drive this significant investment in military capabilities.

10

Botswana

In 2024, Botswana ranks #31 globally for Military Expenditure (% of GDP) at 2.6768765 %. This figure is higher than the regional average for Southern Africa, indicating a significant commitment to defense compared to its neighbors. The country's military spending is influenced by its strategic location and the need to address regional security challenges, as well as its relatively stable economy which allows for such investments.

Data Source

Military spending as a share of GDP | Our World in Data

Our World in Data is a research organization that provides extensive datasets on various global issues, including military spending as a share of GDP. The dataset offers country-level statistics that illustrate trends and comparisons in military expenditure relative to national economic output.

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Historical Data by Year

Explore Military Expenditure (% of GDP) data across different years. Compare trends and see how statistics have changed over time.

More Military and Security Facts